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【大学习记】中共中央关于修改宪法部分内容的建议

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在人民中进行爱国主义、集体主义和国际主义、共产主义的教育,进行辩证唯物主义和历史唯物主义的教育,反对资本主义的、封建主义的和其他的腐朽思想。” 有代表希望加上“反对奴隶主义”。

 

中共中央关于修改宪法部分内容的建议

中共中央关于修改宪法部分内容的建议
新闻联播视频:中国共产党中央委员会关于修改宪法部分内容的建议

  新华社北京2月25日电 中国共产党中央委员会关于修改宪法部分内容的建议

  全国人民代表大会常务委员会:

  根据新时代坚持和发展中国特色社会主义的新形势新实践,中国共产党中央委员会提出关于修改《中华人民共和国宪法》部分内容的建议如下:

  一、宪法序言第七自然段中“在马克思列宁主义、毛泽东思想、邓小平理论和‘三个代表’重要思想指引下”修改为“在马克思列宁主义、毛泽东思想、邓小平理论、‘三个代表’重要思想、科学发展观、习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想指引下”;“健全社会主义法制”修改为“健全社会主义法治”;在“自力更生,艰苦奋斗”前增写“贯彻新发展理念”;“推动物质文明、政治文明和精神文明协调发展,把我国建设成为富强、民主、文明的社会主义国家”修改为“推动物质文明、政治文明、精神文明、社会文明、生态文明协调发展,把我国建设成为富强民主文明和谐美丽的社会主义现代化强国,实现中华民族伟大复兴”。这一自然段相应修改为:“中国新民主主义革命的胜利和社会主义事业的成就,是中国共产党领导中国各族人民,在马克思列宁主义、毛泽东思想的指引下,坚持真理,修正错误,战胜许多艰难险阻而取得的。我国将长期处于社会主义初级阶段。国家的根本任务是,沿着中国特色社会主义道路,集中力量进行社会主义现代化建设。中国各族人民将继续在中国共产党领导下,在马克思列宁主义、毛泽东思想、邓小平理论、‘三个代表’重要思想、科学发展观、习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想指引下,坚持人民民主专政,坚持社会主义道路,坚持改革开放,不断完善社会主义的各项制度,发展社会主义市场经济,发展社会主义民主,健全社会主义法治,贯彻新发展理念,自力更生,艰苦奋斗,逐步实现工业、农业、国防和科学技术的现代化,推动物质文明、政治文明、精神文明、社会文明、生态文明协调发展,把我国建设成为富强民主文明和谐美丽的社会主义现代化强国,实现中华民族伟大复兴。”

  二、宪法序言第十自然段中“在长期的革命和建设过程中”修改为“在长期的革命、建设、改革过程中”;“包括全体社会主义劳动者、社会主义事业的建设者、拥护社会主义的爱国者和拥护祖国统一的爱国者的广泛的爱国统一战线”修改为“包括全体社会主义劳动者、社会主义事业的建设者、拥护社会主义的爱国者、拥护祖国统一和致力于中华民族伟大复兴的爱国者的广泛的爱国统一战线”。这一自然段相应修改为:“社会主义的建设事业必须依靠工人、农民和知识分子,团结一切可以团结的力量。在长期的革命、建设、改革过程中,已经结成由中国共产党领导的,有各民主党派和各人民团体参加的,包括全体社会主义劳动者、社会主义事业的建设者、拥护社会主义的爱国者、拥护祖国统一和致力于中华民族伟大复兴的爱国者的广泛的爱国统一战线,这个统一战线将继续巩固和发展。中国人民政治协商会议是有广泛代表性的统一战线组织,过去发挥了重要的历史作用,今后在国家政治生活、社会生活和对外友好活动中,在进行社会主义现代化建设、维护国家的统一和团结的斗争中,将进一步发挥它的重要作用。中国共产党领导的多党合作和政治协商制度将长期存在和发展。”

  三、宪法序言第十一自然段中“平等、团结、互助的社会主义民族关系已经确立,并将继续加强。”修改为:“平等团结互助和谐的社会主义民族关系已经确立,并将继续加强。”

  四、宪法序言第十二自然段中“中国革命和建设的成就是同世界人民的支持分不开的”修改为“中国革命、建设、改革的成就是同世界人民的支持分不开的”;“中国坚持独立自主的对外政策,坚持互相尊重主权和领土完整、互不侵犯、互不干涉内政、平等互利、和平共处的五项原则”后增加“坚持和平发展道路,坚持互利共赢开放战略”;“发展同各国的外交关系和经济、文化的交流”修改为“发展同各国的外交关系和经济、文化交流,推动构建人类命运共同体”。这一自然段相应修改为:“中国革命、建设、改革的成就是同世界人民的支持分不开的。中国的前途是同世界的前途紧密地联系在一起的。中国坚持独立自主的对外政策,坚持互相尊重主权和领土完整、互不侵犯、互不干涉内政、平等互利、和平共处的五项原则,坚持和平发展道路,坚持互利共赢开放战略,发展同各国的外交关系和经济、文化交流,推动构建人类命运共同体;坚持反对帝国主义、霸权主义、殖民主义,加强同世界各国人民的团结,支持被压迫民族和发展中国家争取和维护民族独立、发展民族经济的正义斗争,为维护世界和平和促进人类进步事业而努力。”

  五、宪法第一条第二款“社会主义制度是中华人民共和国的根本制度。”后增写一句,内容为:“中国共产党领导是中国特色社会主义最本质的特征。”

  六、宪法第三条第三款“国家行政机关、审判机关、检察机关都由人民代表大会产生,对它负责,受它监督。”修改为:“国家行政机关、监察机关、审判机关、检察机关都由人民代表大会产生,对它负责,受它监督。”

  七、宪法第四条第一款中“国家保障各少数民族的合法的权利和利益,维护和发展各民族的平等、团结、互助关系。”修改为:“国家保障各少数民族的合法的权利和利益,维护和发展各民族的平等团结互助和谐关系。”

  八、宪法第二十四条第二款中“国家提倡爱祖国、爱人民、爱劳动、爱科学、爱社会主义的公德”修改为“国家倡导社会主义核心价值观,提倡爱祖国、爱人民、爱劳动、爱科学、爱社会主义的公德”。这一款相应修改为:“国家倡导社会主义核心价值观,提倡爱祖国、爱人民、爱劳动、爱科学、爱社会主义的公德,在人民中进行爱国主义、集体主义和国际主义、共产主义的教育,进行辩证唯物主义和历史唯物主义的教育,反对资本主义的、封建主义的和其他的腐朽思想。

  九、宪法第二十七条增加一款,作为第三款:“国家工作人员就职时应当依照法律规定公开进行宪法宣誓。”

  十、宪法第六十二条“全国人民代表大会行使下列职权”中增加一项,作为第七项“(七)选举国家监察委员会主任”,第七项至第十五项相应改为第八项至第十六项。

  十一、宪法第六十三条“全国人民代表大会有权罢免下列人员”中增加一项,作为第四项“(四)国家监察委员会主任”,第四项、第五项相应改为第五项、第六项。

  十二、宪法第六十五条第四款“全国人民代表大会常务委员会的组成人员不得担任国家行政机关、审判机关和检察机关的职务。”修改为:“全国人民代表大会常务委员会的组成人员不得担任国家行政机关、监察机关、审判机关和检察机关的职务。”

  十三、宪法第六十七条“全国人民代表大会常务委员会行使下列职权”中第六项“(六)监督国务院、中央军事委员会、最高人民法院和最高人民检察院的工作”修改为“(六)监督国务院、中央军事委员会、国家监察委员会、最高人民法院和最高人民检察院的工作”;增加一项,作为第十一项“(十一)根据国家监察委员会主任的提请,任免国家监察委员会副主任、委员”,第十一项至第二十一项相应改为第十二项至第二十二项。

  十四、宪法第七十九条第三款“中华人民共和国主席、副主席每届任期同全国人民代表大会每届任期相同,连续任职不得超过两届。”修改为:“中华人民共和国主席、副主席每届任期同全国人民代表大会每届任期相同。”

  十五、宪法第八十九条“国务院行使下列职权”中第六项“(六)领导和管理经济工作和城乡建设”修改为“(六)领导和管理经济工作和城乡建设、生态文明建设”;第八项“(八)领导和管理民政、公安、司法行政和监察等工作”修改为“(八)领导和管理民政、公安、司法行政等工作”。

  十六、宪法第一百条增加一款,作为第二款:“设区的市的人民代表大会和它们的常务委员会,在不同宪法、法律、行政法规和本省、自治区的地方性法规相抵触的前提下,可以依照法律规定制定地方性法规,报本省、自治区人民代表大会常务委员会批准后施行。”

  十七、宪法第一百零一条第二款中“县级以上的地方各级人民代表大会选举并且有权罢免本级人民法院院长和本级人民检察院检察长。”修改为:“县级以上的地方各级人民代表大会选举并且有权罢免本级监察委员会主任、本级人民法院院长和本级人民检察院检察长。”

  十八、宪法第一百零三条第三款“县级以上的地方各级人民代表大会常务委员会的组成人员不得担任国家行政机关、审判机关和检察机关的职务。”修改为:“县级以上的地方各级人民代表大会常务委员会的组成人员不得担任国家行政机关、监察机关、审判机关和检察机关的职务。”

  十九、宪法第一百零四条中“监督本级人民政府、人民法院和人民检察院的工作”修改为“监督本级人民政府、监察委员会、人民法院和人民检察院的工作”。这一条相应修改为:“县级以上的地方各级人民代表大会常务委员会讨论、决定本行政区域内各方面工作的重大事项;监督本级人民政府、监察委员会、人民法院和人民检察院的工作;撤销本级人民政府的不适当的决定和命令;撤销下一级人民代表大会的不适当的决议;依照法律规定的权限决定国家机关工作人员的任免;在本级人民代表大会闭会期间,罢免和补选上一级人民代表大会的个别代表。”

  二十、宪法第一百零七条第一款“县级以上地方各级人民政府依照法律规定的权限,管理本行政区域内的经济、教育、科学、文化、卫生、体育事业、城乡建设事业和财政、民政、公安、民族事务、司法行政、监察、计划生育等行政工作,发布决定和命令,任免、培训、考核和奖惩行政工作人员。”修改为:“县级以上地方各级人民政府依照法律规定的权限,管理本行政区域内的经济、教育、科学、文化、卫生、体育事业、城乡建设事业和财政、民政、公安、民族事务、司法行政、计划生育等行政工作,发布决定和命令,任免、培训、考核和奖惩行政工作人员。”

  二十一、宪法第三章“国家机构”中增加一节,作为第七节“监察委员会”;增加五条,分别作为第一百二十三条至第一百二十七条。内容如下:

  第七节 监察委员会

  第一百二十三条 中华人民共和国各级监察委员会是国家的监察机关。

  第一百二十四条 中华人民共和国设立国家监察委员会和地方各级监察委员会。

  监察委员会由下列人员组成:

  主任,

  副主任若干人,

  委员若干人。

  监察委员会主任每届任期同本级人民代表大会每届任期相同。国家监察委员会主任连续任职不得超过两届。

  监察委员会的组织和职权由法律规定。

  第一百二十五条 中华人民共和国国家监察委员会是最高监察机关。

  国家监察委员会领导地方各级监察委员会的工作,上级监察委员会领导下级监察委员会的工作。

  第一百二十六条 国家监察委员会对全国人民代表大会和全国人民代表大会常务委员会负责。地方各级监察委员会对产生它的国家权力机关和上一级监察委员会负责。

  第一百二十七条 监察委员会依照法律规定独立行使监察权,不受行政机关、社会团体和个人的干涉。

  监察机关办理职务违法和职务犯罪案件,应当与审判机关、检察机关、执法部门互相配合,互相制约。

  第七节相应改为第八节,第一百二十三条至第一百三十八条相应改为第一百二十八条至第一百四十三条。

  以上建议,请全国人民代表大会常务委员会依照法定程序提出宪法修正案议案,提请第十三届全国人民代表大会第一次会议审议。

  中国共产党中央委员会

  2018年1月26日(完)



   
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很多美国人的第一反应居然是川普会不会又要向中国学习。



   
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Proposal to Scrap China's Term Limits Could Allow President Xi Jinping to Stay in Office

(BEIJING) — China’s ruling Communist Party has proposed scrapping term limits for the country’s president, the official news agency said Sunday, appearing to lay the groundwork for party leader Xi Jinping to rule as president beyond 2023.

The party’s Central Committee proposed to remove from the constitution the expression that China’s president and vice president “shall serve no more than two consecutive terms,” the Xinhua News Agency said.

“Xi Jinping has finally achieved his ultimate goal when he first embarked on Chinese politics — that is to be the Mao Zedong of the 21st century,” said Willy Lam, a political analyst at the Chinese University in Hong Kong, referring to the founder of communist China.

Xi, 64, cemented his status as the most powerful Chinese leader since Mao in the 1970s at last year’s twice-a-decade Communist Party congress, where his name and a political theory attributed to him were added to the party constitution as he was given a second five-year term as general secretary.

It was the latest move by the party signaling Xi’s willingness to break with tradition and centralize power under him. Xi has taken control of an unusually wide range of political, economic and other functions, a break with the past two decades of collective leadership.

“What is happening is potentially very dangerous because the reason why Mao Zedong made one mistake after another was because China at the time was a one-man show,” Lam said. “For Xi Jinping, whatever he says is the law. There are no longer any checks and balances.”

Xi is coming to the end of his first five-year term as president and is set to be appointed to his second term at an annual meeting of the rubber-stamp parliament that starts March 5. The proposal to end term limits will likely be approved at that meeting.

 

Term limits on officeholders have been in place since they were included in the 1982 constitution, when lifetime tenure was abolished.

Political analysts said the party would likely seek to justify the proposed removal of the presidential term limit by citing Xi’s vision of establishing a prosperous, modern society by 2050.

“The theoretical justification for removing tenure limits is that China requires a visionary, capable leader to see China through this multi-decade grand plan,” Lam said.

“But the other aspect of it could just be Mao Zedong-like megalomania; he is just convinced that he is fit to be an emperor for life,” he said.

Hu Xingdou, a Beijing-based political commentator, said while Xi might need an extra five-year term or two to carry out his plans, the country is unlikely to return to an era of lifetime tenure for heads of state.

“President Xi may be in a leading position for a relatively long time,” Hu said. “This is beneficial to pushing forward reforms and the fight against corruption, but it’s impossible for China to have lifetime tenure again.”

“We have drawn profound lessons from the system of lifetime tenures,” Hu said, referring to the chaos and turmoil of Mao’s 1966-1976 Cultural Revolution.

Xi’s image dominates official propaganda, prompting suggestions that he is trying to build a cult of personality, and evoking memories of the upheaval of that era. Party spokespeople reject such talk, insisting Xi is the core of its seven-member Standing Committee, not a lone strongman.

At last year’s party congress, Xi hailed a “new era” under his leadership and laid out his vision of a ruling party that serves as the vanguard for everything from defending national security to providing moral guidance to ordinary Chinese. At the close of the congress, the party elevated five new officials to assist Xi on his second five-year term, but stopped short of designating an obvious successor to him.

Political analysts said the absence of an apparent successor pointed to Xi’s longer-term ambitions.

Sunday’s announcement on term limits came before the Central Committee was to begin a three-day meeting in Beijing on Monday to discuss major personnel appointments and other issues.

The son of a famed communist elder, Xi rose through the ranks to the position of Shanghai’s party leader before being promoted to the all-powerful Politburo Standing Committee in 2007.

When Xi did assume the top spot in 2012, it was as head of a reduced seven-member committee on which he had only one reliable ally, veteran Wang Qishan. He put Wang in charge of a sweeping anti-corruption crackdown that helped Xi eliminate challengers, both serving and retired, and cow potential opponents.

Xi, whose titles include head of the armed forces, has lavished attention on the military with parades and defense budget increases. But he’s also led a crackdown on abuses and a push to cut 300,000 personnel from the 2.3 million-member People’s Liberation Army, underscoring his ability to prevail against entrenched interests.



   
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President Xi Jinping of China at the Communist Party congress in Beijing last October. Current law restricts the president to two terms. CreditHow Hwee Young/European Pressphoto Agency

BEIJING — China’s Communist Party has cleared the way for President Xi Jinping to stay in power, perhaps indefinitely, by announcing on Sunday that it wants to abolish the two-term limit on the presidency — a dramatic move that would mark the country’s biggest political change in decades.

The party leadership “proposed to remove the expression that the president and vice president of the People’s Republic of China ‘shall serve no more than two consecutive terms’ from the country’s Constitution,” Xinhua, the official news agency, reported.

With each term set at five years, the Constitution currently limits Mr. Xi, who became president in 2013, to 10 years in office. But the announcement appears to be the strongest signal yet that Mr. Xi, 64, intends to hold onto power longer than any Chinese leader in at least a generation.

“I think this is without a doubt the clearest confirmation we’ve had yet that Xi Jinping plans to stay in power much longer than we thought,” said Jude Blanchette, an expert on Chinese politics in Beijing who works for the Conference Board, which provides research for companies. “We should expect Xi Jinping to be the dominant political force in China for the next decade.”

The announcement also confirmed that Mr. Xi has amassed enough power to rewrite the rules that had constrained his predecessors, Hu Jintao and Jiang Zemin, both of whom stepped down after two terms. Those rules were aimed at preventing the reappearance of the cult of personality that had surrounded the People’s Republic’s founding father, Mao Zedong

“I don’t see any reasonable challenges for him,” Wu Qiang, a political analyst in Beijing who formerly taught at Tsinghua University, said of Mr. Xi. “He has removed any potential political competitors.”

The proposed constitutional changes were released in the name of the Central Committee, a council of hundreds of senior party officials, who will meet from Monday for three days.

According to state media reports on Sunday, the Central Committee approved the amendments to the Constitution at a meeting last month. But the vague official announcement released at that time did not hint at the momentous expansion of Mr. Xi’s presidential power, which was kept secret until Sunday.

In another victory for Mr. Xi, the draft amendments to the Constitution would also add his trademark expression for his main ideas — “Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era” — into the preamble of the Constitution, as well as adding a nod to the ideological contributions of his predecessor, Mr. Hu.

The amendments are almost certain to be passed into law by the party-controlled legislature, the National People’s Congress, which holds its annual full session from March 5. The congress has never voted down a proposal from party leaders.

Sunday’s move will make Mr. Xi much more powerful than he already was, and will dampen any remnants of resistance to his rule, said Zhang Baohui, professor of international affairs at Lingnan University in Hong Kong.

“Once people know he will serve for who knows how long, it will strengthen his power and motivate everybody to bandwagon with him,” said Mr. Zhang. “Any rival will think he will be almighty.”

If Mr. Xi had retained the two-term limit, his power would have begun to wane in a year or two as he effectively became a lame duck, analysts said. Traditionally, Chinese leaders’ powers weaken once they approach the second half of their second term, they said.

In what would be another break with tradition, Wang Qishan, a close ally of Mr. Xi who enforced his harsh campaign against corruption and disloyalty in the party, appears set to return to power as vice president. Mr. Wang, 69, stepped down from a party position last year because of his age.

Mr. Xi is overturning a two-term limit on national leaders that evolved from the 1990s, when the country sought a more predictable system for handing power to new generations. Greater stability was sought after the upheavals of Mao’s era and then Deng Xiaoping’s failed efforts to engineer a smooth succession.

Mr. Jiang, the party leader installed during the Tiananmen protests of 1989, served two terms as president from 1993 to 2003, but he lingered in power until 2004 by retaining control of the committee that runs China’s military. Mr. Jiang’s successor, Mr. Hu, stepped down from all his positions, however, and did not try to hang onto power — an example that some experts at first expected Mr. Xi to follow.

The abolition of the term limit may also explain another recent move by Mr. Xi to send one of his closest advisers, Liu He, to Washington on Tuesday. While that trip had initially looked like an attempt to discuss the Trump administration’s tougher rhetoric on trade, it now seems likely to also be a mission to explain Mr. Xi’s plans to American leaders.

Mr. Liu is a longtime economist and associate of Mr. Xi who jumped several rungs in the Communist Party hierarchy when Mr. Xi promoted him into the Politburo during a Communist Party national congress in October.

At the same party congress, Mr. Xi conspicuously broke with precedent by choosing not to name a pair of much younger officials to the Politburo’s ruling inner circle, the seven-member standing committee, to serve as his heirs-in-waiting. Instead, Mr. Xi chose men — no women — who were closer to his own age or older.

Mr. Xi’s strongman style has been compared to that of the Russian president, Vladimir V. Putin. But even Mr. Putin, who has amassed considerable personal power, did not try to erase his country’s constitutional limit on serving more than two consecutive terms as president as he approached that limit in 2008.

Instead, he arranged for a close adviser with limited personal influence, Dmitri A. Medvedev, to serve as president for a single term while Mr. Putin held the post of prime minister. Mr. Putin then returned to the presidencyin 2012, and is running this year for re-election to another term.

Mr. Xi may now have even greater power, and the question will be how he chooses to use it.

“Xi Jinping is susceptible to making big mistakes because there are now almost no checks or balances,” said Willy Lam, an adjunct professor at the Chinese University of Hong Kong who is the author of a biography of Mr. Xi in 2015. “Essentially, he has become emperor for life.”



   
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环球时报

社评:支持中央修宪建议,这是理性也是信仰

新华社今天公布了十九届二中全会审议通过的《中共中央关于修改宪法部分内容的建议》,其中将“中国共产党领导是中国特色社会主义最本质的特征”写入宪法总纲第一条第二款,将宪法中国家主席、副主席“每届任期同全国人民代表大会每届任期相同,连续任职不得超过两届”中的后半句删去,以及赋予监察委员会宪法地位等建议,尤其广受关注。

 

中共领导国家早已是中国的现实。准确说,宪法的这个条文不是写出来的,是历史选择出来的,是中国人民走出来的。宪法序言中一直有相关表述,但是当依然不断有少数力量在境外势力支持、鼓动之下试图挑战这一原则时,将它写入宪法总纲就成为十分必要的修宪行动。

国家主席的设立和职权范围自中华人民共和国建国以来几经变化,最近二十几年形成了中共中央总书记、国家主席、军委主席“三位一体”的领导体制,它被实践证明健全、有效。这次修宪取消对国家主席连续两届任期的限制,有助于保持上述“三位一体”,进一步完善党和国家领导体制。

根据权威解读,这一修改不意味着恢复国家主席职务终身制。应当看到,在党内外有一个广泛的共识,那就是改革开放以来,在党的领导下,中国已经成功解决并将继续有效解决党和国家领导层依法有序更替的问题。

确立监察委员会作为国家机构的法律地位,将极大促进对所有公职人员的监察全覆盖,实现全面深化改革、全面依法治国、全面从严治党的有机统一。

上述修宪建议是中央二中全会做出的决定,这是党领导立法原则的又一重要体现。自1982年宪法颁布以来,加上这一次,中央一共领导进行了5次修宪,总体上使宪法始终适应不同历史阶段和历史任务的需要,充分发挥出根本大法的作用。

坚决跟党走,在重大事项上坚决与党中央保持高度一致,这是实践反复证明了的中国社会根本利益之所在。我们生活在世事多变迁的年代,国家不断穿越复杂的事态和信息前行,我们每个人的视野和甄别力都是有限的。党中央无疑最有能力把握全局,在立足现实的基础上展望未来,带领我们建设强大国家和美好的个人生活。因此对包括修宪在内的重大决定,我们坚定的选择就是相信党中央的智慧,坚决支持、维护党中央的决定。

每临中国作重要改革,酝酿关键决定时,舆论场涟漪的形态往往耐人寻味。主波纹就是主旋律的呈现,同时也会有因为正面信息做不到迅速深入全社会每一个层面和角落而引起的次波纹。另外永远都会有刻意搅浑水的,特别是当西方舆论场强烈希望影响我们这边的时候。

正因为这样,加强党中央的权威,与党中央保持一致的政治主张自改革开放以来不断被强调,它逐渐成为中国社会团结一致完成各项使命、冲破一切艰难险阻的法宝。支持党中央所支持的,践行党中央所要求的,改革开放以来中国社会就这样一次又一次成为这个世界上的大赢家,中国人在西方人面前建立起了自己的尊严。

十八大以后,在波澜壮阔的全面深化改革进程中,习近平同志成为党中央新的领导核心,党因此而变得更加坚强,更敢啃硬骨头。从反腐败到全面依法治国再到深刻的经济转型,以习近平同志为核心的党中央稳健地开创了中国新时代,这个国家充满希望。

本次修宪是对新时代中国特色社会主义立法性总结的点睛之笔,也是为实现中国继续前进做出的关键性宪法保障。无论是出于理性还是信仰,我们都支持这些修宪建议,期待它们为整个中华民族带来福祉。



   
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Good morning.

Here’s what you need to know:

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CreditGreg Baker/Agence France-Presse — Getty Images

• “Essentially, he has become emperor for life.”

That’s how a biographer described Xi Jinping after China’s Communist Party floated a momentous proposal to lift the two-term limit on the presidency. It’s almost certain to pass during the annual session of China’s congress, which begins next Monday.

Mr. Xi has been increasingly wielding his power. The government’s takeover of the debt-ridden Anbang Insurance Group sent a blunt warning against corporate debt, and he is sending his top economic policymaker to Washington this week to address trade frictions.



   
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习近平:把实施宪法提高到新的水平

2018年02月25日 12:33 新华社
新闻联播视频:中共中央政治局举行第四次集体学习

  原标题:习近平在中共中央政治局第四次集体学习时强调   更加注重发挥宪法重要作用   把实施宪法提高到新的水平

  新华社北京2月25日电中共中央政治局2月24日下午就我国宪法和推进全面依法治国举行第四次集体学习。中共中央总书记习近平在主持学习时强调,决胜全面建成小康社会、开启全面建设社会主义现代化国家新征程、实现中华民族伟大复兴的中国梦,推进国家治理体系和治理能力现代化、提高党长期执政能力,必须更加注重发挥宪法的重要作用。要坚持党的领导、人民当家作主、依法治国有机统一,加强宪法实施和监督,把国家各项事业和各项工作全面纳入依法治国、依宪治国的轨道,把实施宪法提高到新的水平。

  中国社会科学院学部委员、研究员李林同志就这个问题作了讲解,并谈了意见和建议。

  习近平在主持学习时发表了讲话。他强调,中国共产党登上中国历史舞台后,在推进中国革命、建设、改革的实践中,高度重视宪法和法制建设。从建立革命根据地开始,我们党就进行了制定和实施人民宪法的探索和实践。新中国成立后,在我们党领导下,1954年9月召开的第一届全国人民代表大会第一次会议通过了《中华人民共和国宪法》,为巩固社会主义政权和进行社会主义建设发挥了重要保障和推动作用,也为改革开放新时期我国现行宪法的制定和完善奠定了基础。

  习近平指出,党的十一届三中全会开启了改革开放历史新时期,发展社会主义民主、健全社会主义法制成为党和国家坚定不移的方针。我国现行宪法即1982年宪法就是在这个历史背景下产生的。这部宪法深刻总结了我国社会主义建设正反两方面经验,适应我国改革开放和社会主义现代化建设、加强社会主义民主法制建设的新要求,确立了党的十一届三中全会之后的路线方针政策,把集中力量进行社会主义现代化建设规定为国家的根本任务,就社会主义民主法制建设作出一系列规定,为改革开放和社会主义现代化建设提供了有力法制保障。我国宪法是治国理政的总章程,必须体现党和人民事业的历史进步,必须随着党领导人民建设中国特色社会主义实践的发展而不断完善发展。

  习近平强调,回顾我们党领导的宪法建设史,可以得出这样几点结论。一是制定和实施宪法,推进依法治国,建设法治国家,是实现国家富强、民族振兴、社会进步、人民幸福的必然要求。二是我国现行宪法是在深刻总结我国社会主义革命、建设、改革的成功经验基础上制定和不断完善的,是我们党领导人民长期奋斗历史逻辑、理论逻辑、实践逻辑的必然结果。三是只有中国共产党才能坚持立党为公、执政为民,充分发扬民主,领导人民制定出体现人民意志的宪法,领导人民实施宪法。四是我们党高度重视发挥宪法在治国理政中的重要作用,坚定维护宪法尊严和权威,推动宪法完善和发展,这是我国宪法保持生机活力的根本原因所在。宪法作为上层建筑,一定要适应经济基础的变化而变化。

  习近平指出,我国宪法实现了党的主张和人民意志的高度统一,具有显著优势、坚实基础、强大生命力。宪法是国家根本法,是国家各种制度和法律法规的总依据。我们坚定中国特色社会主义道路自信、理论自信、制度自信、文化自信,要对我国宪法确立的国家指导思想、发展道路、奋斗目标充满自信,对我国宪法确认的中国共产党领导和我国社会主义制度充满自信,对我国宪法确认的我们党领导人民创造的社会主义先进文化和中华优秀传统文化充满自信。

  习近平强调,宪法具有最高的法律地位、法律权威、法律效力。我们党首先要带头尊崇和执行宪法,把领导人民制定和实施宪法法律同党坚持在宪法法律范围内活动统一起来。任何组织或者个人都不得有超越宪法法律的特权。一切违反宪法法律的行为,都必须予以追究。要加快形成完备的法律规范体系、高效的法治实施体系、严密的法治监督体系、有力的法治保障体系,形成完善的党内法规体系,用科学有效、系统完备的制度体系保证宪法实施。要完善宪法监督制度,积极稳妥推进合宪性审查工作,加强备案审查制度和能力建设。

  习近平指出,要加强宪法学习宣传教育,弘扬宪法精神、普及宪法知识,为加强宪法实施和监督营造良好氛围。宪法法律的权威源自人民的内心拥护和真诚信仰,加强宪法学习宣传教育是实施宪法的重要基础。要在全社会广泛开展尊崇宪法、学习宪法、遵守宪法、维护宪法、运用宪法的宣传教育,弘扬宪法精神,弘扬社会主义法治意识,增强广大干部群众的宪法意识,使全体人民成为宪法的忠实崇尚者、自觉遵守者、坚定捍卫者。要坚持从青少年抓起,把宪法法律教育纳入国民教育体系,引导青少年从小掌握宪法法律知识、树立宪法法律意识、养成遵法守法习惯。要完善国家工作人员学习宪法法律的制度,推动领导干部加强宪法学习,增强宪法意识,带头尊崇宪法、学习宪法、遵守宪法、维护宪法、运用宪法,做尊法学法守法用法的模范。(完)



   
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